Cómo usar SI en Excel para mostrar un texto específico

La fórmula SI (IF) permite comprobar una condición y mostrar un texto específico cuando se cumple. En una hoja de ventas, por ejemplo, puedes clasificar cada importe como «Aumento», «Normal» o «Disminución». Al terminar, sabrás crear la fórmula, escribir correctamente sus textos, combinarla con otras condiciones y copiarla mediante el controlador de relleno.

SI está disponible en las versiones de Excel contempladas, desde Excel 2003 hasta Microsoft 365, Excel para Mac, Excel para la web y Excel para móviles. Los datos y las indicaciones de este tutorial están comprobados en octubre de 2026.

Qué es la fórmula SI y cuándo usarla

La función SI (IF) evalúa una condición y devuelve uno de dos resultados. La condición puede comparar una celda con un número, un texto o el resultado de otra fórmula. Si es verdadera, Excel devuelve el primer resultado; si es falsa, devuelve el alternativo.

En una hoja de ventas, el importe de cada pedido puede quedar en la columna B. La columna C mostrará una clasificación: «Aumento» cuando el importe supere 1.000, «Normal» cuando esté entre 500 y 1.000, o «Disminución» cuando sea inferior a 500.

Conviene usar SI cuando quieras 표현ar visualmente una regla. Por ejemplo, puedes marcar un pedido grande sin añadir otra columna de cálculos. También resulta útil para avisar cuando un dato no cumple una condición: la fórmula puede mostrar «Revisar» en lugar de un valor vacío.

La fórmula siempre empieza por =. Los textos que Excel debe mostrar se escriben entre comillas dobles, mientras que las referencias de celda y los números van sin comillas. Así, una comparación con una celda se ve como B2>1000, pero la palabra que accompanying el resultado se escribe como "Aumento".

Nota: En los ejemplos se usa punto y coma para separar argumentos, por ejemplo =SI(B2>1000;"Aumento";""). En un Excel configurado con punto decimal, como en algunas instalaciones de Estados Unidos y México, el separador es la coma.

Cómo funciona la fórmula SI en Excel

La sintaxis de SI (IF) es:

=SI(prueba_logica; valor_si_verdadero; [valor_si_falso])

Los argumentos cumplen estas funciones:

Argumento	Función	Ejemplo en la hoja de ventas
`prueba_logica`	Comprobación que devuelve VERDADERO o FALSO	`B2>1000`
`valor_si_verdadero`	Resultado cuando la condición es verdadera	`"Aumento"`
`valor_si_falso`	Resultado cuando la condición es falsa	`"Normal"`

Por ejemplo, si B2 contiene 1.250, la fórmula =SI(B2>1000;"Aumento";"Normal") devuelve «Aumento». Si B2 contiene 800, devuelve «Normal». El valor de la condición no se muestra: Excel muestra únicamente el texto elegido.

Cuando solo hay dos posibilidades, la fórmula resulta sencilla. Para clasificar tres importes, una SI puede contener otra SI. Excel evalúa primero la condición exterior y, solo si es falsa, comprueba la condición interior. La documentación oficial de SI (IF) explica esta estructura y sus dos resultados.

Crear una fórmula SI con un texto específico

Crea un libro de ventas con una tabla sencilla. En B2:B5 escribirás cuatro importes y en C2:B5 aplicarás la condición. No hace falta crear una tabla con formato especial: basta con escribir los datos.

C2fx=SI(B2>1000;"Aumento";"")

	A	B	C
1	Pedido	Importe	Clasificación
2	P-101	1250	Aumento
3	P-102	800
4	P-103	1500	Aumento
5	P-104	450

Ventas

Selecciona la celda C2.
Escribe =SI(B2>1000;"Aumento";"") y pulsa Entrar.
Selecciona C2 de nuevo y arrastra el controlador de relleno hasta C5.

La referencia B2 es relativa: al copiarla, pasa a B3, B4 y B5. Por eso cada fila compara su propio importe. En C5, el resultado queda vacío porque 450 no supera 1.000.

Comprueba: C2 y C4 muestran «Aumento», mientras que C3 y C5 aparecen vacías. Pulsa C3 y revisa la barra de fórmulas: debe mostrar =SI(B3>1000;"Aumento";"").

Cuidado: El texto Aumento va entre comillas dobles. Si escribes =SI(B2>1000;Aumento;""), Excel no lo interpreta como una etiqueta y puede mostrar #¿NOMBRE?.

Probar una condición con varios textos

Ahora ampliamos la clasificación del mismo libro. Cada importe puede ser «Aumento», «Normal» o «Disminución». Para tomar esa decisión se necesita una SI anidada.

C2fx=SI(B2>1000;"Aumento";SI(Y(B2>=500;B2<=1000);"Normal";"Disminución"))

	A	B	C
1	Pedido	Importe	Clasificación
2	P-101	1250	Aumento
3	P-102	800	Normal
4	P-103	1500	Aumento
5	P-104	450	Disminución

Ventas

Selecciona C2 y sustituye la fórmula anterior por =SI(B2>1000;"Aumento";SI(Y(B2>=500;B2<=1000);"Normal";"Disminución")).
Pulsa Entrar.
Copia C2 y pega la fórmula en C3:C5, o utiliza el controlador de relleno.

La condición exterior separa el caso «Aumento». Si no se cumple, la SI interior comprueba si el importe está entre 500 y 1.000, incluidos ambos extremos. En ese caso devuelve «Normal»; en cualquier otro caso, «Disminución».

Comprueba: las cuatro celdas muestran «Aumento», «Normal», «Aumento» y «Disminución», respectivamente.

Consejo: A partir de tres condiciones, SI.CONJUNTO o una tabla de clasificación pueden hacer el libro más fácil de mantener. SI admite hasta 64 niveles de anidamiento, pero anidar muchas reglas dificulta leerlas.

Copiar la fórmula con el controlador de relleno

La esquina inferior derecha de la celda C2 contiene el controlador de relleno. Al arrastrarlo hasta C5, Excel copia la fórmula y ajusta las referencias relativas de la columna B.

C2fx=SI(B2>1000;"Aumento";"")

	A	B	C
1	Pedido	Importe	Clasificación
2	P-101	1250	Aumento
3	P-102	800
4	P-103	1500	Aumento
5	P-104	450

C2 Arrastra el controlador de relleno hasta C5

Ventas

Selecciona C2.
Apoya el puntero en el controlador de relleno, en la esquina inferior derecha de la celda.
Mantén pulsado el botón principal y arrastra hasta C5.
Suelta el puntero.

Las referencias se actualizan por separado en cada fila. Así, la fórmula de C5 consulta B5. Este comportamiento se explica en la ayuda oficial de referencias relativas, absolutas y mixtas.

Comprueba: selecciona C3, C4 y C5, una por una. En la barra de fórmulas, la referencia debe cambiar de B2 a B3, B4 o B5, mientras que los textos y los operadores permanecen iguales.

Mostrar el mismo texto según varios criterios

También se puede usar REPT (REPT) para devolver una cadena vacía o un texto. La idea es repetir el texto una sola vez cuando se cumple una condición:

=REPT(SI(B2>1000;"Aumento";"");1)

Si B2 supera 1.000, REPT repite «Aumento» una vez. Si no, repite la cadena vacía y la celda no muestra nada. Esta variante es útil cuando se combinan varios criterios con operadores lógicos.

=REPT(SI(B2>1000;"Aumento";"");1)&REPT(SI(Y(B2>=500;B2<=1000);"Normal";"");1)&REPT(SI(B2<500;"Disminución";"");1)

La fórmula es más larga porque necesita tres fragmentos. La SI anidada resuelve la misma clasificación de manera más directa:

=SI(B2>1000;"Aumento";SI(Y(B2>=500;B2<=1000);"Normal";"Disminución"))

C2fx=REPT(SI(B2>1000;"Aumento";"");1)

	A	B	C
1	Pedido	Importe	Clasificación
2	P-101	1250	Aumento
3	P-102	800
4	P-103	1500	Aumento
5	P-104	450

Ventas

Comprueba: REPT y la SI anidada clasifican los mismos importes, pero la versión con REPT necesita unir varios resultados. Para una sola regla, =SI(B2>1000;"Aumento";"") es más sencilla.

Por qué la fórmula SI no muestra el texto esperado

Una fórmula puede estar escrita correctamente y, aun así, Excel no mostrar el resultado esperado. Los tres motivos más habituales son usar comas incorrectas, escribir la función en inglés o tener la celda formateada como Texto.

Reparar el error #¿NOMBRE? al escribir SI

Si Excel muestra #¿NOMBRE?, puede que la función se haya escrito como IF en un Excel cuyo idioma de interfaz es español. También puede faltar una comilla o haberse utilizado un separador que no corresponde a la configuración regional.

=SI(B2>1000;"Aumento";"")

Esta es la forma correcta para el ejemplo: SI en español, dos argumentos separados por punto y coma y los textos entre comillas dobles.

Si Excel está configurado con punto decimal, escribe:

=SI(B2>1000,"Aumento","")

Para corregir la celda:

Selecciona la celda con #¿NOMBRE?.
Sustituye IF por SI.
Revisa las comillas alrededor de «Aumento» y de la cadena vacía.
Mantén los separadores que correspondan a tu configuración: punto y coma o coma.
Pulsa Entrar.

La ayuda oficial de corregir un error #¿NOMBRE? explica las causas relacionadas con nombres no reconocidos, funciones en otro idioma y caracteres ausentes.

Comprueba: la celda deja de mostrar #¿NOMBRE? y presenta «Aumento» si B2 supera 1.000.

Nota: Si copias una fórmula escrita en inglés, también comprueba que las comas y los puntos y comas se han adaptado a tu configuración regional.

Evitar que Excel trate la fórmula como texto

Si al escribir =SI(...) la celda muestra la fórmula completa y no un resultado, probablemente tenga aplicado el formato Texto. En ese caso, Excel no la interpreta como una fórmula.

C2fx=SI(B2>1000;"Aumento";"")

	A	B	C
1	Pedido	Importe	Clasificación
2	P-101	1250	=SI(B2>1000;"Aumento";"")
3	P-102	800
4	P-103	1500
5	P-104	450

C2 La fórmula aparece como texto y no se calcula

Ventas

Selecciona C2.
Pulsa Ctrl+1 para abrir Formato de celdas.
En la pestaña Número, elige General.
Pulsa Aceptar.
Vuelve a introducir la fórmula y pulsa Entrar.

Si el formato Texto está aplicado a todo el rango C2:C5, puedes seleccionar ese rango antes de cambiar el formato. La guía oficial sobre fórmulas y funciones explica que una fórmula vista como texto suele deberse a un formato previo de la celda.

Comprueba: C2 muestra «Aumento» y deja de mostrar la expresión =SI(B2>1000;"Aumento";"") como contenido visible.

Qué versiones y límites debes tener en cuenta

SI (IF) está disponible en Excel 2003, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019, 2021, 2024 y Microsoft 365, además de Excel para la web, Mac y móviles. No necesitas una suscripción para usar esta función básica.

Excel admite hasta 64 niveles de anidamiento de funciones. Una fórmula puede contener hasta 8.192 caracteres y una función admite hasta 255 argumentos. Estos límites figuran en la especificaciones y límites de Excel.

Para el libro de ventas, el límite de anidamiento no suele ser una restricción: tres niveles bastan para clasificar los importes. Aun así, anidar muchas reglas dificulta detectar errores. Si el catálogo de clasificación crece, conviene escribir los umbrales y las etiquetas en una tabla y consultar esa tabla con BUSCARV (VLOOKUP). Eso permite cambiar los rótulos sin reescribir todas las fórmulas.

Cuidado: El límite de 64 anidamientos no significa que esa profundidad sea★★★★

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always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always 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always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always 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always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always 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always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always 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always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always always

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Qué es la fórmula SI y cuándo usarla

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Mostrar el mismo texto según varios criterios

Por qué la fórmula SI no muestra el texto esperado

Reparar el error #¿NOMBRE? al escribir SI

Evitar que Excel trate la fórmula como texto

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